Furthermore, HDT provided helpful tools to analyse the evaluation result, such as the concept of antagonistic indicators to discover conflicts in the evaluation process.
The HDT has the advantage of being a transparent evaluation tool, supported by several data analysis tools such as the concept of antagonistic indicators.
The aim of this study is to identify features that link the sequence variation of family A GPCRs and their G-protein preference with the corresponding structural variation of agonistic and antagonistic ligands applying the concept of mutual information (MI).
As a result, chemo- and immunotherapy are no longer considered to be a priori antagonistic [11] and the concept of combined chemo-immuno therapy is receiving more attention [11], [12], [13].
Unfortunately, the concept of antagonistic pleiotropy (and this possible example of it) advanced by George C. Williams in 1957 [ 29], has never been rigorously tested.
The concept of antagonistic activity of LAB against pathogenic strains has been well documented in a review by Šušković et al. [ 52].
Aging has long been a topic of consideration in evolutionary theory, from the introduction of the concept of antagonistic pleiotropy (Williams 1957) to its elaborations into the hypotheses of thrifty genotype (Neel 1962) and disposable soma (Kirkwood 1977).
Moreover, some processes which are important for organismal fitness in youth may actually contribute to tissue decline and increased cancer in old age, a concept known as antagonistic pleiotropy (Campisi 2005).
Finally, these experiments extend the concept of the antagonistic pleiotrophy of senescence [ 41].
Natural selection selects genes on the basis of the benefits they provide early in life even if they may cause adverse effects later on, a concept known as antagonistic pleiotropy [ 1, 29](i.e. a gene having multiple but antagonistic effects).
Evidence from PPARγ haploinsufficient mice also supports the concept that PPARγ is antagonistic to osteogenesis, acting early in mesenchymal cell differentiation [1].
