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Figure 4 Party ranking based on matching scores between party models and user's answer pattern (EUVox 2014, Germany data).
The analysis revealed a complete shift in the answer pattern largely because of relevance and clarity issues reported in the efficiency analysis.
The KNN classifier finds the k-nearest users in the training set, whose answer patterns are nearest to the answer pattern of the user under question.
After training the party models, the created HMM classifier was applied to the test set Te to classify unseen users into the most probable party class, i.e., if the user's answer pattern was most likely to fit with the i'th party model, then the user was classified into the party (p_{i}).
To give another example of weird-but-true bubble behavior, in an official ACT (the answer choices of which alternate between ABCD and FGHJ), there is a series that incorporates the answer pattern "HAHAHA" (in one of my student's words, "Is that some sort of joke?").
Age, gender, educational level and length of service were inconsistently associated with the answer pattern.
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Previous research used children's answer patterns and verbal reports as evidence of how they solve this task.
However prior to this paper, no CCT models have been developed that allow the possibility of the informant responses to come from a mixture of two or more consensus answer patterns.
The major advance in the current paper is to endow one of the popular CCT models, the General Condorcet Model (GCM) for dichotomous responses, with the possibility of having several latent consensus answer patterns, each corresponding to a different, latent subgroup of informants.
We assume that VAA users, who support the same party, produce similar sequences of symbols (answer patterns).
We collected 500 questionnaires in total from Amazon Mechanical Turk, thirteen of which were thrown out because of inert, simulated answer patterns, or incompletion.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com