Third, lying requires that the untruthful statement be made to another person (addressee condition).
Performativity can only be assumed in cases in which the individual under obligation, i.e. the agent of the verb embedded by the modal, is the addressee or another participant in the conversation (Portner 2009: 189).
After each parcel was delivered outside the addressee's home, another individual would retrieve the drugs.
Depending on the construction, it can be the direct addressee (second person), or another participant in the speech.
Finally, the reshaping of the CP ellipses not only integrates the egocentric reference frames oriented towards the participant's body, but also another reference frame related to the location of the addressee.
We provide evidence that both the participant's behavior and brain activity during CP are sensitive to the relationship with a designated addressee, and not the simple presence of another human being.
Thus, in a first psychophysical experiment, using a 3D tracking device, we checked if kinematics and endpoint variability for repeated pointing gestures, addressed or not to another person, would change according to the communicative interaction with an addressee.
According to the addressee condition, lying requires that a person make an untruthful statement to another person (or, strictly speaking, to a believed other person, since one might, e.g., mistake a waxed dummy for another person, and lie to it).
For it to be possible for one to give another a command to φ, there must be a linguistic practice available to the addressee in terms of which the speaker can formulate a command.
According to the intention to deceive the addressee condition, lying requires that a person make an untruthful statement to another person with the intention that that other person believe that untruthful statement to be true.
