For example, economic modelling suggests that gym patronage decreases healthcare spending in Australia by up to $108 million per annum through reductions in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases associated with a lack of physical activity [ 6].
Like other apparently successful demonstration projects carried out elsewhere, the demonstration businesses identified a range of options that improved their environmental, economic and social performance (including savings of over NZ$4 million per annum, and significant reductions in materials, water and energy use, and improvements in productivity).
To account for general trends in casualties, data from the Northumbria road network not covered routinely by mobile camera enforcement suggest a consistent downward trend in total casualties since the start of the 'after' period (approximately a 4.7% reduction per annum).
The scenarios suggest an increased pressure based on an expected 8% annual population growth and an average annual decreased pressure of 5.2% per annum due to the current reduction in agriculture.
However with the planned sample size there would still be over 80% power for detecting a reduction from 5.4 per thousand per annum to 4.8 per thousand per annum in the admission rate for alcohol-related conditions.
For example there would be over 80% power for identifying a reduction from 5.4 per thousand per annum to 5 per 1000 per annum in hospital admissions between the extreme quintiles of change in outlet density.
In addition, there was a reduction in MRSA cases from 81 per annum to 7 per annum.
"We would, under EU rules, face a spending block reduction of an estimated £60-£90m £60-£90mm which would clearly have an impert on the provision of vitannumrvices such as health and education".
The potential cost reduction of up to 70percentt per annum in operator's network functions [1], combined with the prediction of 95percentt annual market growth in the following years [2], makes the femtocell concept a particularly lucrative option for most mobile operators.
At the current rate of progress (an improvement in mean EBV of 1.36×10−2 per annum), an ambitious but realistic target of a reduction in the median hip score from 10 to 5 would take over 44 years using phenotypic selection, or just over 37 years if selection was on EBV of dogs with a phenotypic hip score.
In South Africa, it is calculated that the net cost savings to the National Treasury will be about $82 million per annum; the latter figure is based on a reduction in hospitalization costs for MDR-TB and lower drug costs (presently $207 million and $14 million respectively).
