For the remaining three years (up to and including 2020), employment rates were extrapolated assuming a constant rate of change, calculated as the per annum rate of change from 2012 to 2017.
If it weren't, it's predicted that global economies would lose between 30% and 35% of GDP per annum in loose change being pulled into orbit – a phenomenon physicists call "anti-magnetospheric fiscal migration", more commonly known as "coin ghosts".
Rates of change in cartilage volume were calculated both as the absolute change per annum, (v1 - v0)/ t, and as the percentage change per annum, 100 v1 - v0)/ v0 t, where v0 is cartilage volume at baseline, v1 is cartilage volume at follow-up and t is the time between scans in years.
Preliminary analyses of crash data shows that the project has resulted in a 30% reduction crash numbers and an 86% reduction in crash costs per annum, since the road changes were completed.
Rate of change in cartilage volume was calculated as: percentage change per annum (pa) = 100*((absolute change/baseline cartilage volume)/time between two scans in years).
However, contrary to the country and industry levels, the speed of convergence at the regional level has increased from 8to12%2 % per annum after incorporating structural change.
Figure 1 shows the trends in incidence of type 1 diabetes by 5-year age-group as percentage change per annum in both sexes.
This was ultimately the real weakness of the Stern review, and why politicians fell over themselves to quote its 1% GDP per annum costs for tackling climate change.
N2O is a greenhouse and ozone-depleting gas (Mosier and Kroetze 1999; Vasileiadou et al. 2011) whose atmospheric concentration is currently increasing at a rate of approximately 0.4 % per annum (Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) 2001).
An authoritarian command structure, labeled as communist, has been able to move a country toward 10percentt GDP per annum, a unique scenario which has changed the face of its people and its country forever.
