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The original 1960 version of the map divided the country into 10 zones based on a 10-degree Fahrenheit difference in average annual minimum temperature.
The map was revised in 1965 and again in 1990, when the U.S.D.A. added a Zone 11 (corresponding to an average annual minimum temperature of above 40 degrees, found in places like Honolulu, Hawaii and Mazatlan, Mexico).
Cold- hardiness zones give you only a bit of the garden picture: the average annual minimum temperature, in this case as measured from the winter of 1986-87 theough the winter of 2001-02.
mean annual minimum temperature.
However, the highland stations Butajira and Kulumsa, showed a significant decrease in the annual minimum temperature.
The mean annual minimum temperature is 13 °C and the maximum 27 °C.
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Descriptions of H. involucrata's hardiness, based on average annual minimum temperatures, vary from zero to minus 20 degrees, but since its flowers are produced on new wood, the shrub can die back to the ground and still flower the next year.
Unlike the U.S.D.A., which came up with its planting zones by using average annual minimum temperatures from 1975 to 2005, Mr. Krakauer looked at long-term temperature trends, including recent data that shows that winter temperatures are increasing more rapidly than summer temperatures.
Annual maximum air temperature records do not show clear trends, but annual minimum temperatures have significant increase trends (Hamdi et al. 2009).
However, the average annual minimum temperatures used by Smithwick, et al. [14] were expected to increase 4.7°C (HAD) to 9.1°C (CCC) (i.e., 0.044°C/y and 0.086°C/y), which falls within our projection data (Figure 3).
Based on our estimates on the thermal tolerance of H. hampei it is unlikely that the beetle is endemic to the area around Jimma Ethiopiaa) due to the low annual minimum temperatures prevalent there.
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