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Seismic guidelines currently designate constant, time-independent probabilities or mean annual frequencies of exceedance that are assumed to remain invariable for the entire design life.
The simplified procedure, which is suitable for implementation with preliminary design calculations, produces accurate estimates of risk unless the mean annual frequencies of unacceptable performance are very small, measured here as smaller than 10−10.
Generally, the soil hazard curve derived by the AF relationship with the largest σlnAF generates the largest ground motions, and this effect is most significant at small annual frequencies of exceedance.
In the United States, seismic probabilistic risk assessment is performed on nuclear power plant (NPP) designs to calculate mean annual frequencies of unacceptable performance, including core damage and large early release (of radiation).
The distribution of the changes of the annual frequencies of heat load (Fig. 7a d) shows that almost all regions will become hotter.
(18) Concentrations of E. coli in individual wells were highly variable from one month to the next across the entire range of annual frequencies of E. coli detection.
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Seismic probabilistic risk assessment is performed to compute the mean annual frequency of unacceptable performance.
(a) shows the fraction (averaged annual frequency) of sea ice leaving Fram Strait that originates from shallow shelf areas with less than 30 m water depth.
The outcome of this integration process results in values of mean annual frequency of exceeding pre-defined performance levels.
However, the annual frequency of attacks was very low and, moreover, an important number of the attacks could have been committed by dogs rather than wolves.
Also from the standpoint of a probabilistic seismic performance based design, the vertical irregularities increase the mean annual frequency of exceeding the GI performance level by about 5%to30%0%.
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