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Monte Carlo simulations of a time-varying, second-order system mimicking variations of reex stiffness dynamics with ankle position demonstrated that the method performs very well.
Distraction was continued until a neutral ankle position or slight overcorrection with 5 10° of dorsiflexion, 10° of heel valgus and a straight lateral border of the foot had been obtained.
Results: Preliminary data from 7 subjects suggests that, compared with a shoes-only condition, all AFO conditions improved ankle position at initial contact and in swing, and, where knee hyperextension was present, reduced the onset and magnitude of the hyperextension.
Tendon-tapping force and the resulting reflex torque generated by the ankle joint were measured simultaneously at neutral ankle position in the isometric condition to minimize nonreflex viscoelastic contribution of muscle.
Using a random effects linear model we demonstrated that the gastrocnemius muscle bellies of children with SDCP were shorter than those of ND children (P=0.001) even when corrected for ankle position.
Participants then performed isometric plantarflexion at 20%, 30 %, 40, and 50% GRFvmandin a seated position, from a neutral ankle position, under two different counterbalanced isometric loading conditions (concentric and eccentric).
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Fig. 4 shows the ankle positions as the chimpanzee walks bipedally.
Repeatability of ankle positioning had good reliability (ICC2,1: 0.78-0.89), but tended to be in 1.1° to 2.0° degrees shy of neutral dorsiflexion at the beginning of testing.
Ankle proprioception provides essential information to enable adjustment of ankle positions and movements of the upper body, in order to successfully perform the complex motor tasks required in elite sport [ 14, 15].
Peak isometric torque will be measured with the ankle positioned in the anatomical neutral position and defined as the peak torque achieved during the better of two 5 s efforts.
The foot of the animal was strapped to a footplate attached to a dual-mode muscle lever system (Aurora Scientific Inc., ON, Canada), and the knee and ankle positioned at right angles.
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