To exclude confounds from the nonspecific effects of ADX that might be present in comparisons between sham vs low-CORT (ADX) animals, we defined the CORT-dependent transcriptome as the 393 genes for which hippocampal expression differed significantly between the intermediate-CORT (ADX) and low-CORT (ADX) groups (47).
To ensure that the cases in our study consisted of truly infected animals, we defined the case phenotype as an animal that was positive to both the SICTT and abattoir inspection, that is, animals that had exhibited an immune response to M. bovis PPD as well as evidence of pathology in the form of granuloma, lesions at slaughter, positive culture and molecular confirmation of M. bovis.
We note that for screens in which a unit of work is defined as the time spent picking a single animal to a plate, and in which equal work is expended to pick F1 and pick and score F2 animals, we define γ = α = 1; then, W = N, and ε = nact/N, which is the parameter we have used throughout this paper (e.g. Figure 2A).
For each animal, we defined two volumes of interest, one cranial and one caudal to the infusion catheter tip, representing flow into the left uterine region or into caudal structures of the rump, tail and hindquarter.
Elk are free-ranging animals therefore we defined wolf presence periods when a wolf occurred within an elk home range.
However, if some urMetaHox gene is the source for the Msx, Tlx, NK, EHGbox, Hox and ParaHox genes of extant animals, we can define an animal-specific MetaHox clade.
We defined animals exhibiting CL as those for which ≥30% of the full tracks were loopy (strong and mild).
We defined animals as left- or right-handers or ambiguous: right-handers - subjects used the right hand significantly more often than expected by chance (positive handedness index), left-handers - subjects used the left hand significantly more often than expected by chance (negative handedness index), ambiguous - subjects did not use one hand significantly more often than expected by chance.
We defined animals as left- or right-hander or ambiguous: right-handers, subjects used significantly more often the right hand than expected by chance (positive handedness index); left-handers, subjects used significantly more often the left hand than expected by chance (negative handedness index); ambiguous, subjects did not use one hand significantly more often than expected by chance.
We defined animal studies as those in which laboratory variables were measured or where treatments were administered to live animals to examine their effects.
We defined paralyzed animals in our studies as those animals that fall below 20% of their maximal thrashing value and stay below this threshold for at least 20 sec.
