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A disadvantage of such experimental design was that the experiments were carried out at different seasons of the year, using animals that differed in the baseline body weight and amount of food consumed.
Humans for example, were animals that differed from all others through their reason and intellect.
Originally, these rats were bred from Sprague Dawley rats through selective mating of animals that differed in their susceptibility to develop LH [ 12, 13].
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In natural environments, observers routinely encounter real plants and animals that differ in low-level image properties.
Although our study is the first to compare gene expression patterns after conditioning between animals that differ in memory performance, two other studies have made such a comparison between naïve animals.
In pigs, the blood transcriptome revealed variations in gene expression profiles in animals that differ in Salmonella shedding levels [ 18], and during the kinetics of response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection [ 19].
In one animal, rrs (16S rRNA) genotyping of organisms revealed identical gene variants in the blood and an IHC-positive biopsy from the same animal that differed from the gene variant detected in the attached tick.
The longitudinal analysis of genetically identical animals described here is a different approach than comparing genetically identical animals that differ by sperm availability (Hughes et al. 2007) or comparing two different genotypes (Mendenhall et al. 2011).
Then we checked whether aspects of animal studies that differed from RCTs could cause bias in ways that had not yet been taken into account in the Cochrane RoB tool.
Among mice infected with tissue samples from the asymptomatic animals, a molecular signature that differed from that of the inoculum developed, whereas the type 2B signature found in macaques showing neurologic signs was stable after transmission to mice.
Tier 2 NAbs recognized conformational epitopes that differed between animals and in some cases overlapped with those recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), whereas tier 1 responses targeted linear V3 epitopes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com