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Use of un-anaesthetised animals restrained for more than 2 h must be avoided except where there is exceptional justification, for example, for animals recovering from general anaesthesia after cannulation of superficial vessels before imaging.
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Animals were restrained for 90 min, followed by examination of stress- and ethanol-induced (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 g/kg) alterations in social behavior using a modified social interaction test in a familiar environment.
Animals were restrained for 60 or 120 minutes and then tested on spatial delayed alternation, a PFC-mediated task.
This is compared with the second group of previously unstressed animals (controls) restrained for 240 min on day 5. Surgery is carried out 4 h after the fourth daily restraint and 24 h before restraint on day 5. Statistical analysis are always carried out on raw data (concentrations: pg/20 μl): these are presented in figures as percent changes from baseline levels (Fig. 5).
Vaccination methods were the same as described above for Study 1. SL vaccination of unanesthetized animals was performed in a manner similar to that described for anesthetized animals except that animals were manually restrained for at least 1 minute after administration.
In order to prevent this grooming and subsequent intraoral capsaicin exposure, the animals were gently restrained for the stimulus duration and then the face was wiped clean to remove residual capsaicin cream.
Patients from university-affiliated hospitals were less likely to be restrained, and restrained for shorter durations.
Animals were restrained in plastic restraint devices (Harvard Apparatus) for 60 min, 120 min or were left in their home cage in the testing room for 1 hour prior to testing.
For the sham-treated WT, K3 and APP/PS1 groups, animals were restrained in the same way and the device was held over the head, but the light was not switched on.
On the fourth day, animals were restrained in a cylindrical tube (12 cm in length and 3 cm in diameter) for 3 hr.
The animals were restrained in sternal recumbency.
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