Radiation completely prevented pharynx regeneration in 100% of animals (n = 100 animals) indicating that, as expected, stem cells are required for regeneration.
3S treatment altered the behavioral performance of sham animals indicating that dietary manipulations modify premorbid characteristics.
Our results showed that the injected RGE had no adverse effect on the treated animals, indicating that RGE did not harm normal cells.
In bax −/− mutants, ganglion cell numbers were increased significantly compared to wild-type animals, indicating that naturally occurring cell death in these ganglia is regulated by Bax signaling.
No circadian rhythm (24-h variation) in conglutinin plasma levels was observed across animals, indicating that the plasma levels were not influenced by, e.g. feeding.
Such lesions were also observed in stab wounded animals indicating that the damage was caused by vascular disruption at the time of implantation.
Interestingly, there were no differences in PTHrP expression by parietal bone from space-exposed versus ground-based animals, indicating that the effect of weightlessness on PTHrP expression is due to the unweighting of weight-bearing bones.
E-cadherin was colocalized to F-actin bridges in control animals, indicating that the lateral plasma membranes comprising adherens junctions expanded to the site of lost hair cells together with the cortical actin cytoskeleton (Fig. 8E′).
Placing mice lacking FGF23 or α-klotho on a low-phosphate diet reduces the phosphate retention and premature ageing normally seen in these animals, indicating that phosphate increases accelerate ageing10.
It also takes up to a week to see a reduction in serum HA in these animals, indicating that at least a one-week loading period on the drug is required for most protocols.
GM barley did not affect δ13C and δ15N values of soil animals indicating that the overall trophic structure of the mesofauna community was not changed compared to the non-GM cultivated varieties.
