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One possible approach is Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA), a 'whole animal' methodology which integrates information from multiple behavioural signals and styles of behavioural expression (body language) directly in terms of an animal's emotional expression.
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All animal experimental methodology was approved by the School of Biomedical Sciences Animal Ethics Committee at Monash University, Australia.
(2007), using similar linear animal model methodology, but this time also including the haplotype classes of the dogs for the four studied loci as additional fixed effects in the model.
The yearly genetic gains in average clutch length, after normalization, were estimated to be 0.37 ± 0.02 and 0.33 ± 0.04 with the classical methods, 0.46 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.01 with animal model methodology, for lines L1 and L2 respectively, which represented about 30% of the genetic standard deviation on the transformed scale.
While the total number of sightings recorded certainly includes many repeated sightings of the same animals, the sightings on any given day represent unique animals (see methodology for details), so we can be confident that the Afuera aggregation involved at least 420 animals, making it the largest whale shark aggregation ever recorded, by far.
Alternative non-antibody-based binders, however, may offer a complete non-animal-based methodology for the detection of PSP toxins by SPR.
AWS was involved in the conception and design, development of methodology, animal studies, analysis and interpretation of data, helped draft the manuscript, and supervised the study.
Within the field of animal breeding, this methodology has been applied to somatic cell score data of dairy cows, with the aim to identify unobserved cases of subclinical mastitis [ 19], and also to estimate breeding values for resistance to unobserved subclinical mastitis [ 11].
Different researchers use different sizes, concentration, shapes, tissue, cells, animals and even methodology in LDH assessment.
This hypothesis could be tested with an experimental model of BA induced by HCMV in animals using the methodology described by Petersen et al. [ 34].
In addition, given the importance of olfactory information in animal communication, advancing methodologies for studying olfaction in concert with the other signal channels will be helpful.
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