Reduction of flange angle thickness or increment of gage distance from the angle heel to the centerline of bolt hole can increase the magnitude of prying force.
Flanges were measured maintaining nestlings with the mouth almost closed, and placing the probe on the angle of the mouth-flanges, thus, avoiding confusion with mouth coloration.
The parameters introduced are width thickness ratios of beam flange and web, end-plate thickness, angle between flange plane and end-plate plane and so on.
The limit of flange inclination angle θ achieved in this study is 21°.
In general, in the beams strengthened with transverse-steel reinforcement, two parallel diagonal cracks formed between 78 and 81 kN and propagated with increasing load from the support to the flange at an average angle of approximately 38°.
To precisely analyze the behavior of connecting members, contact definition with finite sliding option is applied for the contact surfaces between the vertical legs of angles and column flange, between the horizontal legs of angles and corresponding beam flanges, and between the bolts and bolthole elements during the analysis.
In this study, the effects of shearing clearance and shearing angle on stretch-flange formability are investigated.
The roll angle of the wheelset is relatively small compared with the contact angle in the flange wheel.
The crack propagated at an angle of approximately 42° in the web and became almost horizontal as it reached the beam flange.
The pterygoid medial process (Figures 19, 24) is expressed as a rounded flange of bone that projects posteriorly or posteroventrally in many theropods (e.g., Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Majungasaurus, Tyrannosaurus), confluent with the angle of the vomeropalatine ramus.
