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Slant angle of coal seam.
The slant angle of coal seam determines the shape of the bed separation and the maximum bed-separation height.
Since the dip angle of coal seam is relatively large, the working face is vulnerable to the instability such as the bottom heave, slippage, etc.
Table 1 Subsidence-reducing coefficient and grouting amount Mining face Thick- ness of coal seam (mm) Slant angle of coal seam Mining face dimensions Mining depth (m) Est.
The slant angle of coal seam is the deciding factor of the shape of the bed separation and the emplacement of the maximum bed-separation height.
The geological factors contributing to the formation of bed-separation water hazards include lithological properties of the roof rock, slant angle of coal seam, and source of water to bed separation. 1. Lithological properties of the roof rock.
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Both numerical modelling and field investigation reveal that the failure zone extends more toward the acute angle of the coal pillar.
In the grouting process, the selection of the physical forms of fly ash as grouting material is based on factors including grouting pressure, bed separation volume, and slant angle of the coal seam.
The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting the displacement factor, such as mechanical properties of the cover rock, the ratio of mining depth to seam thickness, dip angle of the coal seam and the thickness of loose layer.
Based on the position of the top coal caving, the caving angle of the top coal can be approximately calculated, i.e., 64.3° for the first monitoring station, 70.1° for the second monitoring station, and 67.2° for an average caving angle.
Thus, heavier support system is installed in the roof at the intersections near acute angles of the coal pillars.
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