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The fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness and muscle and tendon length were obtained from direct measurement and US scans along each muscle.
To study the relationship existing between pennation angle, muscle thickness and moment of force in the erector spinae (ES) muscle during maximal isometric extension.
It is a feasible method to measure pennation angle, muscle fascicle length, and muscle thickness.
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The results confirm good validity of the dynamic model for all relevant variables (joint angles, muscle contractions, and pressures) as well as the dynamic coupling between the joints.
This research is generally conducted in laboratories assessing singular perception modalities, such as perception of heart rate, gastric motility, respiratory load, joint angles, muscle tension and others.
We undertook a cross-sectional study to evaluate the pennation angle and muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis muscle in patients undergoing unilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone patellar tendon bone autograft, and compared these values with the contralateral non-operated limb.
The results showed that after the training, there is significant positive correlation between TA pennation angle and muscle strength, and negative correlation between MG pennation angle and muscle strength in the affected side of BWSTT group (Table 5).
The results demonstrated the muscular morphological changes in larger pennation angle and muscle thickness of tibialis anterior and longer fascicle length of medial gastrocnemius after the training, as well as muscle strength.
Musculoskeletal architecture parameters included moment arm, fascicle length, pennation angle, and muscle thickness.
The first method used pennation angle and muscle thickness to extrapolate fascicle length outside the image (extrapolate method).
Postanal repair was designed to restore the anorectal angle with muscle plication of the posterior aspect of the anal canal.
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