At the same time, model with different kinds of defects were established, and the effective thermal conductivity as the function of defect orientation angle, defect volume fraction and defect shape coefficient was discussed in detail.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical stress in reconstruction plates and the screw plate bone interface used in bridging a mandibular angle defect by means of the finite element method (FEM).
Tissues generated within synthetic graft-filled bioreactors were transferred into a large right-sided mandibular angle defect as either avascular grafts (n = 3) or vascularized free flaps (n = 3).
In contrast, spindle angle defects were only partially rescued upon expression of the Plk1-binding defective Gravin T766A mutant (angles averaging around 20°; Figure 7D,E).
Notably, these more severe spindle angle defects were rescued upon expression of the mouse Gravin ortholog.
Indeed, the number of morphant embryos with mitotic spindle angle defects in the anterior (Fig. 6D,M) or middle pronephros (Fig. 6H,N) was increased for wtipMO and vangl2MO double morphants, but the posterior pronephros remained unaffected (Fig. 6L,O).
This effect of the wtip or vangl2 morphants was specific, since co-injection of either wtip or vangl2 mRNA could rescue the mitotic angle defects, respectively (data not shown).
Since the defects in the posterior pronephros of wtip morphants are linked to Wnt/PCP signaling, we decided to examine whether the mitotic spindle angles defects were also dependent on Wnt/PCP signaling.
A decrease in compressive strength is seen with an increase in both misalignment angle and defect height.
Parametric investigation shows that the shaft speed, external loads, the friction coefficient, raceway groove curvature factors, the initial contact angle, and defect sizes have great effects on BPFs.
The susceptibility of hydrogen segregation to symmetric tilt grain boundaries is discussed in terms of the misorientation angle, the defect type characteristics at the grain boundary, temperature, and the prescribed bulk hydrogen fraction of occupied sites.
