Isotope measurements are also applied in many other fields such as forensics, food and beverage industry, environmental sciences, history, heritage science, and also utilized to detect forgeries in art.
Recently, ReHo was developed to characterize the coherence of spontaneous neuronal activity and was utilized to detect spontaneous brain dysfunction in various epileptic brains [ 43, 45, 46].
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is today one of the most accurate methods used for the quantification of nucleic acids in genomic studies [1], biotechnology and forensics [2], and was recently utilized to detect archival retroviruses [3].
In contrast to aptamer beacons isolated from previous selection schemes,[ 2, 9– 12] these assays were simplified, as our aptamer beacons are already capable of fluorescence-based detection and can be utilized to detect analyte without any additional modification.
The frequency of the LD is modulated across the absorption line and synchronous detection is utilized to detect the absorption signal.
Therefore, the perforation rates in these studies should be interpreted carefully, and the tests utilized to detect the perforation should be addressed accurately Table 1.
As a coherent phenomenon, SHG is intrinsically sensitive to spacing and regularity of scatterers, and hence can be utilized to detect changes in several aspects of collagen microstructure including regularity of the arrangement of collagen fibrils within larger collagen fibers; interfibril spacing; and fibril diameter, tilt angle, or pitch angle [ 4, 7, 9, 27, 34, 37- 41].
Reference [11] establishes a multi-agent wide area current differential protection system to dynamically divide the primary protection area and backup protection area of current differential protection with the aid of expert systems, and the current differential protection is utilized to detect and isolate the fault in each protection area.
In [10], normalized coefficients of five kinds of orthogonal transform (discrete cosine transformation, discrete Fourier transformation (DFT), Haar transform, single value decomposition and Hadamard transform) are utilized to detect moving regions.
