The amount of detectable trend in mass emissions and concentration was determined for sample sizes 3 and 7. Single storms were most efficiently characterized (small bias and standard error) by taking 12 samples following a flow-interval schedule and using a volume-weighted estimator of mass emissions.
The number of counts was corrected for decay and, using a volume-dependent sensitivity factor, converted to activity.
The model, COBRAS-UC, is a new version of the COBRAS (Cornell Breaking Waves and Structures) based on the Volume Averaged Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (VARANS) equations and uses a Volume of Fluid Technique (VOF) method to capture the free surface.
The volume under-bark of each stem was derived from the DBH and height using a volume function (Kimberley and Beets 2007).
The target protein was denatured, placed on a 0.125 cm2 surface of nitrocellulose membrane, and incubated using a volume of 300 µl of oligonucleotide library in phosphate-buffered serum-bovine serum albumin (PBS-BSA).
Promptly complete the transfer of the sample to the funnel in the jacket with portions of the pre-equilibrated isooctane, warming the beaker, if necessary, and using a total volume of just 50 ml of the solvent.
Urine specific gravity (USG) measured with the digital USG 'pen' refractometer, Pen-Urine SG (Atago Co. Limited) at a temperature between 10 and 40°C and using a urine volume (Uvol) of 0·3 ml.
Operative blood loss was measured using a volume and gravimetric method.
All the images were collected using a volume coil and processed using Paravision 4.0.
MR imaging was performed with a 7.0-Tesla whole-body system (Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA), using a volume transmit and a 16-channel receive-only head coil (Nova Medical, Wilmington, MA, USA).
