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Tropical cyclones – hurricanes in the Atlantic and typhoons in the Pacific – are triggered when sea-surface temperatures rise above a certain level.
While many of the cyclonic disturbances produce only moderate rainfall, others mature into tropical storms called cyclones in the Indian Ocean and typhoons in the Pacific that bring heavy rains and destruction to the areas over which they pass.
"This year we've broken all the records for the number of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes and typhoons in the northern hemisphere," Emanuel says.
Then, the team analyzed strength changes of almost 600 other tropical cyclones from 1998 through 2007, including hurricanes in the Caribbean and western Atlantic and typhoons in the western Pacific and northern Indian Oceans.
Unlike in the tropical North Atlantic, there is no aircraft reconnaissance of tropical storms and typhoons in the Western Pacific, so the actual wind speeds and minimum central air pressure — two key parameters used to classify such storms — are being estimated using satellites.
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What Happens In The Arctic Doesn't Stay In the Arctic - where melting ice fuels more warming that, in turn, fuels ever stronger and more damaging hurricanes in the US, and typhoons in Asia.
Losses from hurricanes in Florida and typhoons in Japan came to $512.2 million for the quarter.
Despite the scale of damage from Dan and other typhoons in the region, no request for international assistance was made by the Philippine Government.
Referring to many recent disasters that have shocked the world (from the earthquake in Nepal to the Indian Ocean tsunami and typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines), the chair of the seminar, Guardian environment editor John Vidal, asked questions about the suitability of aid, the timeliness of responses to catastrophies and the distinction between humanitarian and development assistance.
An eight-satellite system now under study by NASA, which could launch late in 2016, would be able to make wind speed measurements for hurricanes and typhoons anywhere in the tropics, on average, once every 4 hours.
Humanitarian crises such as the prolonged conflict in Syria and typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines have left mental healthcare systems in many countries decimated.
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