The dissociation in the present study between recognition memory (spared) and recency memory (impaired) was unusually compelling, because it was possible to test the same objects for both forms of memory within the same session and within the same apparatus.
The working memory deficit in the NR1 ΔDG mice is unlikely to result from non-mnemonic effects of the mutation on sensorimotor or motivational aspects of performance, because these same animals showed normal SRM acquisition and performance on the same apparatus with the same sensorimotor and motivational demands, and the same spatial cues.
In addition, comparing data between frog and fish (within the same apparatus under identical conditions) offers a powerful "evo-devo" perspective in which conservation and divergence of results between vertebrates can be studied.
Among the high shear wet granulation equipments used in the pharmaceutical industry, two configurations are current: single pot process for which blending, granulation and drying are performed in the same apparatus and multiphase process that usually associates a mixer granulator and a fluid bed dryer.
At baseline, average PCr recovery rate (T1/2) was 29 seconds, which is approximately 24% slower than those of healthy young and old adults studied with the same apparatus and using comparable methodology [24].
When combined, they enable a microscopist to section and visualize a sample with the same apparatus (Tanaka and Mitsushima, 1984; Heymann et al., 2006; Marko et al., 2007; Drobne et al., 2008; Knott et al., 2008; De Winter et al., 2009; Merchán-Pérez et al., 2009; Schneider et al., 2010; Bushby et al., 2011; Wei et al., 2012).
Once a subject had reached the learning criterion, it was admitted to the test phase and was examined in the same apparatus without reward (no possibity to re-join the conspecifics) while controlling for one perceptual non-numerical variable at time.
This notion is also supported by other studies which employed the same apparatus and operant conditioning method and found clear differences in olfactory performance between e.g. vasopressin 1a receptor knockout mice and controls [25], between M71 olfactory receptor monoclonal mice and controls [26], or between AMPA receptor modified mice and controls [27].
Experiment 1 used the same task, the same apparatus and a within-participant manipulation of modality and the cost on RTs of compensating for size changes was similar for visual and haptic recognition.
