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In addition to face support and the grouting of the annular gap the contact conditions along the shield skin between the moving TBM and the surrounding, deforming soil constitute the most relevant component of TBM soil interactions in mechanized tunneling.
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Plastic behaviors of the steel bar and the grout of the grouted bolt are considered in the model by using various constitutive laws.
The parameters examined include the diameter D of the dowels, their number, their distances d and dn from the edges in the longitudinal and the transverse direction of the beam respectively, and the strength of the grout of their ducts.
Laboratory measured grout thermal conductivity has not been a good estimation parameter for the determination of the Rb, since contact resistance between the pipes and the grout is of importance due to the shrinkage of the cement based mixes.
The sleeve acts as a confinement body to resist the lateral expansion of the grout and control the propagation of the splitting cracks surrounding the bar (Fig. 2), and thus, enhances the bond between the bar and the grout.
These problems consisted of the effect of making mechanical improvements to the ground by grouting (including the cut-off efficiency by grouting), the optimum extent of the grouting, and the effect of drainage.
These problems consisted of the effect of making mechanical improvements to the ground by grouting (including the cutoff efficiency by grouting), the optimum extent of the grouting, and the effect of drainage.
Connecting demands of knowledge of grout properties and behaviour during grouting process and after curing are necessary for the design and control of the grouting technologies.
The effect of mineral admixtures on the grout strength of fully-grouted rockbolts and block punch index (BPI) and compressive strength (CS) of the grout on the load bearing capacity (LBC) were investigated.
We use the ground reaction curve to also estimate the savings in tunnel supports due to jet grouting and the efficiency of jet grouting at different tunnel advance rates.
The automated monitoring system was installed in 2011 and allows a better identification and interpretation of the variability of hydraulic appearances and the enhancing effect of the grouting campaigns mentioned before.
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