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The relationship between change scores and the external criterion was calculated using Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
A statistically significant decrease in breath function tests (FEV1, FEV1/FVC), and the SF-12 score were noted when the CCQ score increased indicating the construct validity and the external criterion related validity respectively.
In contrast, a screening or treatment response study could use a local or cross-cultural construct and the external criterion for validation could be the risk of exposure to a traumatic event [ 14] or functional impairment [ 34].
2. Optimal cutoff point (ROC): Considering the PI-NRS change as a diagnostic test for discriminating between improved and not improved patients, and the external criterion as a gold standard, a ROC curve was developed describing the performance of changes in the corresponding scale to detect improvement [ 30].
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Table 4 depicts the coefficients of correlation between the PAGRT and the external criteria.
We compared the correlations between the SIMP-G and the external criteria with the correlations between multi-item measures of personality and the same external criteria.
Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92.
For that reason, in this study, patients' subjective classification of their current level of pain and disability at each assessment was used as the external criterion, and it was used to assess their matching with the scores on the NDI, NPQ and COM at that very moment (Tables 4 and 5).
Results provide adequate validity evidences for both the internal structure and the expected relationships with the external criterion.
In both cases, the external criterion and its score change (c) is not necessary.
Summarizing, in the majority of cases the correlation between the external criterion and the SIMP-G did not significantly differ from the correlation between the same external criterion and the multi-item measure of personality.
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