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The overdispersion parameter (c-hat) was calculated as the ratio between the mean deviance of simulated models and the deviance of the observed model [18].
This process was repeated 1000 times and the deviance of each model was calculated to determine whether the deviance of the observed model exceeded that of the simulated data.
The multivariate models were assessed using the log-likelihood and the deviance of residuals.
A test based on the difference between the deviance of the null model (model with no explanatory variables) D0 and the deviance of the fitted full model D2 may yield significant result when the drug effect is significant, even if the siRNA does not have any effect on cell viability.
Therefore, we calculated the difference between the residual deviance of the fitted full model D2 and the deviance of the reduced model D1 including only drug effect (x1): (2) Y i = β 0 + β 1 x 1 i + ε i This statistic, D1 - D2, follows a chi-square distribution with 2 degrees of freedom.
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We allowed strata of categorical variables (e.g. admission diagnoses) to lump to simpler forms if coefficients of individual levels were similar and aggregation did not increase the deviance of the model.
The deviance residuals may be used to measure the fit of the Poisson model and are defined as where r D A,T is the contribution to the deviance of the observation at age A and year T and The distribution of the deviance residuals is approximately normal.
In PDEGEM, we define R2 the same as mseq did, which is shown in Equation 4: (4) R 2 = 1 - d d 0 where d is the deviance of the fitted model, and d0 is the deviance of the null model.
We then computed the deviance of the fitted model and summed the deviances for that given threshold over all cities.
We compared the deviance of the models at different exposure levels and latencies.
Pairwise epistatic interactions between all putative QTLs were tested, via the corresponding marker × marker interaction treated as random effects, by comparing the deviance of a model including all main effect QTLs and the specific epistatic interaction, with the deviance of a model including only the main effect QTLs and no epistatic interaction [ 69].
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