All 33 mutated positions were examined in the background of the three enzymes (wtPTE, AE, and neoPTE), and in the background in which they originally occurred in the evolution (i.e., in the different rounds) to identify mutations that are epistatic that is, change their effect depending on the genetic background.
And you think that I could despise the background in which I have my roots; that is my reason for being here.
Both Hybrid Recon and Flash 3D showed an area in the background in which the intensity is higher than the average background intensity.
Through a wealth of historical evidence set in clear and lively prose, he shows that changes in the intellectual and social environment and the institutional background in which knowledge was generated and disseminated brought about the Industrial Revolution, followed by sustained economic growth and continuing technological change.
The choice of the resistance gene and the genetic background in which it is introgressed, affected the frequency of resistance breakdown.
While this result is based on a limited data set, it does lend support to the idea that the fitness effect of resistance mutations in the absence of drugs depends on both the drug class and the genetic background in which those mutations appear.
Functional analyses have since identified how precise mutations, and interactions among mutations, affect hemoglobin-O2 affinity, demonstrating that the adaptive value of a given biochemical substitution depends both on the local environment and the genetic background in which it arises (Natarajan et al., 2013).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09178.002 The effect of gene disruption on an organism depends on a combination of the gene's function and the genetic background in which it resides (Chandler et al., 2013; Chari and Dworkin, 2013; Vu et al., 2015).
Their objections center on the issues of food sovereignty, effects of land use change on the environment, ownership of transgenic traits and the genetic background in which they are placed (intellectual property), environmental uncertainties/risks, control of the food supply by multinational corporations and human health issues.
Firstly, the choice of the R-gene and of the genetic background in which the major R-gene is introgressed are determinant and can be optimized [ 8, 9].
