The phrase "and substantial activation of" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts discussing processes, systems, or mechanisms that involve significant engagement or initiation of a function or activity.
Example: "The study revealed a correlation between stress levels and substantial activation of the body's fight-or-flight response."
Alternatives: "and significant initiation of" or "and considerable engagement of".
Integration of the gene expression and proteomic data for ONHAs confirmed substantial activation of the innate immune response and suggests that this is one of the key effector events in activated astrocytes, which has been also detected in recent gene expression studies [ 42, 83].
Our findings indicate that IL-12 and IL-18 were able to exert a substantial activation of microglia 6 and 24 hours after their intracerebral administration.
Here, we observed that this therapy also induced the substantial activation of ATM and Chk2, which resulted in nuclear focus localisation of p-ATM and p-Chk2.
Using a Hes-1 luciferase reporter assay we could show that VPA induced a substantial activation of the promoter and that this activation could be suppressed by the γ-secretase inhibitor L-685,458.
This led to substantial activation of β-globin transcription and suggested that forced chromatin looping could be employed as a powerful tool to manipulate gene expression in vivo (Deng et al., Cell 2012).
We found that anti-GD2 antibodies did not cause substantial activation of caspase-3: the level of activity of this effector caspase was 3 4 folds lower for anti-GD2-treated cells when compared to the EL-4 cells treated with staurosporine.
More direct studies of NF- κB activation revealed that Jurkat cells exposed to rhTRAIL did activate NF- κB. Figure 4 shows a substantial activation of NF- κB, 30 min following addition of rhTRAIL to the cells, although this activation was less pronounced than that caused by treatment with the strong NF- κB activator, TNF- α.
Among CD8+ T cells, cells of the effector memory phenotype were most activated to express CD69 by TLR agonist exposure while activation of central memory and naïve phenotype cells was generally less dramatic although exposure to the TLR 3 agonist polyI C and to the TLR 7 agonist poly U resulted in substantial activation of all CD8+ T cell maturation phenotypes.
They used a tissue factor concentration of 120 pM in their experiments and report thrombin generation not to increase during pregnancy, despite evidence of substantial activation of the fibrinolytic system, through assessment of Fragment 1 + 2, Thrombin-Antithrombin complex and D-dimer concentrations.
