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Furthermore, 6 motion parameters (realignment parameters: translation along, and rotation around, the x, y, and z axes) and 2 parameters which correct for global intensity fluctuations (compartment signal parameters: white matter and cerebral spinal fluid; Verhagen et al. 2008) were added as regressors.
The acceleration records were selected to be unaffected by tilts and rotation around a vertical axis.
Second, although the basic step models involved combinations of displacement patterns of the feet and body and rotation around the vertical axis, the models were anyhow relatively easy.
Based on the constraints imposed by the setup, we estimate the motion as a 2D rigid motion model; translation on the x−y plane and rotation around z axis.
Additionally six movement parameters (translation and rotation around x-, y-, and z-axis) were included in the 1st-level design matrix of every subject as regressors of no interest.
Next, we applied gravity along the global z-axis, which constrained movement of the femur along the z-axis and rotation around the x- and z-axes.
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Moreover, related families of TPMs are also deducted using the commutation of factors in any products of spatial translations and rotations around an axis.
For the present case study, Fig. 9 shows the shell deflections, and rotations around x-axis and around y-axis of a regular grid shell.
With sample size of 18 in each group, α = 0.05 and β = 0.80, an alternative mean of more than ±0.06 mm of migration and more than ±0.92° of rotation (translation along and rotations around the Y-axis) could be detected.
We found a significantly larger variation (Levene's test) in translations along the z-axis (P = 0.037) and rotations around the z-axis (P = 0.038) in the −HA group.
Differences in subsidence greater than or equal to 0.09 mm and/or rotation greater than or equal to 1.06° could be described as statistically significant (translation along and rotations around the Y axis, α = 0.05 and β = 0.80, independent t-test).
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