In the selection scheme, the model parameters exhibiting the higher fitness value (lower objective function value relative to others) are selected and replicated with the given probability such that the total population size remains constant; then the population members are randomly paired among themselves.
During latent infection, the viral episome is tethered to the host chromosomes and replicates with the host cell.
This is at the heart of science: Minimize distraction and confounds, control and replicate, with careful documentation of the variables that were manipulated.
The most serious difficulty with the ribozyme world scenario is ecological in nature: different replicators occupying the same habitat and replicating with different rates will compete for the (common) resources of their replication.
The robot arm is the bridge between the complexity of the 3D model and the physical sculpture, able to place the nails and replicate the model with incredible accurary, tilting the nails at just the right angle to show the effect of the wind.
This was done for 3, 5, 7, 9, and 20 replicates with the resulting precision and recall calculated for each case; results are shown in Figure 6.
The design was an RCBD with a split-plot arrangement and three replicates, with the crops as the main plots, and N rates as the subplots.
It possesses RNA as a genetic material and is replicated with the aid of NS5 protein.
For checking the incongruence between plastid and nuclear data, the incongruence length difference (ILD) test (Farris et al. 1994) was performed in PAUP* version 4.0b10, and 1000 replicates with the same settings as in the heuristic searches were conducted.
The idea, simply put, is to create a short video where users can insert their own variables into the equation, and replicate the action with little video production skill.
