Sentence examples for and refine experiments from inspiring English sources

According to the '3Rs' concept defined by Russell and Burch in 1959 [ 17], namely that all efforts to replace, reduce and refine experiments must be undertaken, special attention being given to the development and validation of alternatives (for example in vitro models) to animal testing.

In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch proposed their "3Rs" guidelines for making the use of animals in scientific research more humane: restrict the use of animals; refine experiments to minimise distress; and replace tests with alternative techniques.

The rapid and simple assay described here is very useful to study the immunogenic properties of a protein, and can help to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments in allergy research and vaccine development in general.

The method described here is very useful to study the immunogenic properties of a protein, and can help to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments in allergy research and vaccine development in general.

This assay enables the pre-selection of molecules with highest immunogenicity out of a big repertoire of related candidate proteins, hence aiming to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments in allergy vaccine development.

Importantly, zebrafish embryos and early larvae might be used to replace or refine experiments with adult fish, being increasingly applied in ecotoxicology to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals, plant protection products, biocides, pharmaceuticals, wastewater effluents and various aqueous environmental samples, and to assess sediment toxicity [1,22-24].

Only, specifically designed and refined boiling experiments as well as identification methods along the line presented in this paper are needed to further verify this postulate.

Here, many important implications of rat perception are highlighted, and suggestions are made for refining experiments and housing.

The model can be used to design and refine in vitro experiments and extrapolate in vitro effective concentrations to in vivo doses that can be applied in risk assessment.

The knowledge base resulting from the shared shaping of the research experiment, can be used to further develop and refine the current research experiment, but also future experiments.

Furthermore, animal numbers are reduced through refining experiments by orotracheal intubation and therefore potential reuse of animals.