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The experimental results on a number of popular benchmark networks show the proposed tool is effective to identify the minimum control nodes which are sufficient to guide the whole network's dynamics and provide the evolution of network topology during the optimization process.
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Effective medium theories described the growing films in terms of their constituent materials and provided the evolution of the film composition.
The writing of the second principle of thermodynamics for a tissue element continuously receiving matter due to transport phenomena allows to identify the driving forces linked to growth, and provides the evolution laws for the growth velocity.
The process might take tens, or even hundreds, of thousands of years, but Darwinian selection would ultimately favor such mutations, and provide the opportunity for the evolution of a fitter human population.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05899.001 Mutations change genes and provide the raw material for evolution.
CNVs are thought to contribute to phenotypic diversities including disease susceptibility and provide the important substrate for evolution [ 3, 4].
During Earth history, cyanobacteria have raised atmospheric oxygen levels starting approximately 2.45 - 2.22 billion years ago and provided the basis for the evolution of aerobic respiration [ 1- 7].
The transition from prokaryote to eukaryote was a hugely important event in the evolutionary history of life and provided the foundations for the evolution of numerous complex organismal forms.
Gene duplication contributes to the evolution of gene networks [ 45] and provides the raw material for the evolution of novel genetic systems [ 37] and gene function [ 46, 47].
Many pre-existing proteins were recruited for their various functional properties (adhesion, catalysis) to form synaptic proteins such as neuroligins [88] and provided the molecular foundations for the evolution of the central nervous system synapse.
It seems to be readily interpretable in terms of the covarion model of molecular evolution, and provides the molecular-evolutionary underpinning of Vavilov's law of homologous series.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com