Current vaccines are inadequate to control the disease burden and outbreaks in the field.
Between 1998 and 2004, the number of produce-related disease outbreaks in the United States doubled, and outbreaks in the past six months have raised awareness more than ever.
The serogroup C isolates responsible for numerous epidemics and outbreaks in the United States, Canada and Europe, since the early 1990s, mainly belonged to the ST-11 complex.
Serogroup C was responsible for an increasing number of sporadic cases and outbreaks in the United States (7 ) and Canada (8 ) in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
This method provided a solution on the issues where the simulated data may completely detach from real outbreaks and outbreaks in the real surveillance data may interfere with the performance evaluation.
That proved to be a major hurdle in controlling the foot-and-mouth outbreak in the UK in 2001 because it would have prevented the export of livestock.
"Why take the chance that at some point this summer we could have a significant and serious outbreak in the United States of America, and everybody here is going to be back in their home state doing their campaign stuff," Rubio said.
The 1996 variants were found in 4 of the 9 health regions in Alberta, the 2002 variant in 7 regions, the 2004 variant in 8 regions and an outbreak in Nunavut, the 2006a variant in 6 regions as well as a provincial outbreak and an outbreak in Yukon, and the 2006b variant in all 9 health regions in Alberta and an outbreak in the Northwest Territory.
"We are calling on county health officials to fully investigate this latest syphilis case and possible outbreak in the adult film industry," Weinstein said.
Results from this study suggest that although most EIN members are aware of C. gattii and the ongoing outbreak in the PNW, missed opportunities for diagnosis still exist.
