and of which

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "and of which" is correct and usable in written English.
It is typically used to refer back to a noun or a phrase previously mentioned, often in a more formal context. Example: "The book, and of which the author is well-known, has received numerous awards."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Encyclopedias

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

58 human-written examples

Tom was dying of TB, the disease he gave to Keats and of which the poet died three years later.

The Guardian - Books

It discloses all that Colette wished to conceal and of which she was no doubt ignorant about herself.

The Guardian - Arts

It was this pioneering aspect which appealed most to Markova, and of which she was most proud.

The Guardian

The question is who said the internally quoted lines above and of which country and leader did he speak of?

The Guardian

There are experiences of landscape that will always resist articulation, and of which words offer only a distant echo.

The Guardian - Books

"This was a world that lived in its literature, and of which almost all the physical remains are lost".

The New York Times

The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, which monitors international standards and of which Copenhagen is a member, said it fully supported the decision of the zoo.

The Guardian

This became EUE/Screen Gems, which claimed dubiously to be "the largest film production centre east of California", and of which Capra Jr was eventually president.

The Guardian - Film

They invite people to make an induction – to conclude that there is some kind of general underlying rule at work and of which we must take heed.

The Guardian - Opinion

For the next year, Kees labored on a novel, "Slow Parade," which was never published, and of which no copy exists.

The New Yorker

The review also misidentified the event in English history that Milton welcomed because of its promised transformation of English life and of which Oliver Cromwell was a leader.

The New York Times

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "and of which" to add a formal tone when referring back to a previously mentioned noun phrase. It works well in academic and professional writing.

Common error

Avoid using "and of which" in casual conversation or informal writing, as it can sound stilted. Opt for simpler alternatives like "and that" or rephrase the sentence.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "and of which" functions as a relative pronoun introducing a non-restrictive clause that provides additional information about a previously mentioned noun or noun phrase. It's often used to add detail or clarification, as seen in Ludwig's examples.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

50%

Science

25%

Encyclopedias

10%

Less common in

Wiki

5%

Formal & Business

5%

Reference

5%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "and of which" is a grammatically correct phrase used to connect and provide additional information about a previously mentioned noun. According to Ludwig AI, it's best suited for formal writing, academic papers, and situations where a sophisticated tone is desired. While common, especially in news, scientific, and encyclopedia contexts, overuse in informal settings should be avoided. Consider simpler alternatives like ""and that"" in casual contexts. Always aim for clarity and appropriateness in your writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

of which

Omits the conjunction "and", making it slightly less formal.

and that

Uses a simpler relative pronoun, altering the formality of the sentence.

and from that

Adds emphasis on the source or cause, slightly altering the focus.

from which

Indicates a source or origin, changing the relationship implied.

in which

Specifies a condition or state, shifting the context slightly.

as a result of which

Highlights a consequence, modifying the relationship to causal.

whereby

Introduces a method or process, modifying the connection being made.

due to which

Emphasizes causation and creates a formal tone.

and by that

Implies means of achieving something and changes focus.

owing to which

Highlights causation and is considered more formal.

FAQs

How can I use "and of which" in a sentence?

Use "and of which" to connect a clause that provides additional information about a previously mentioned noun. For example, "The book, and of which the author is well-known, has received numerous awards."

What are some alternatives to "and of which"?

You can use alternatives like "of which", "and that", or rephrase the sentence for clarity.

When is it appropriate to use "and of which"?

It is appropriate in formal writing, academic papers, and legal documents where a sophisticated tone is desired. Avoid it in informal contexts.

Is there a difference in meaning between "and of which" and "of which"?

While both phrases can be used similarly, "and of which" adds a conjunctive element, making the connection between the clauses more explicit. "Of which" is slightly less formal and omits the conjunction.