Our empirical findings support the jump-diffusive representation for S&P500 futures returns but reveal it is critical to account for leverage effects and jumps to maintain the underlying semi-martingale assumption.
Based on this, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode control law is designed to maintain the underlying track error at zero.
Complex adaptive polymorphisms are common in nature, but what mechanisms maintain the underlying favorable allelic combinations [1 4]?
The sequels generally maintain the underlying mechanics of a game, but the degree of faithfulness can vary widely from version to version; some versions have minimal changes while others practically reinvent the game.
It is also the site of the most intense particulate matter remineralization, a process contributing to maintain the underlying OMZ [18].
In our previous analysis of mammalian TFRs we speculated that there are two general mechanisms by which these regions may be maintained: the underlying sequence may be resistant to transposon insertion, or transposon insertion in these regions may be deleterious and therefore subject to strong negative selection.
Goldman, however, was also an integral part of a money-hungry Wall Street culture that helped build, oil and maintain the securitization and derivatives machinery underlying the current mortgage-fueled problems.
In vertebrate limb buds, Fgfs are secreted from the apical ectodermal ridge that rims the distal edge of the buds, and these Fgfs play pivotal roles in limb bud initiation and outgrowth, at least in part by inducing and maintaining the expression of Shh in the underlying mesenchyme [19], [21], [22], [23], [24].
The author argues for 'democratisation' and 'politicisation' of the field, to obtain and maintain desirable underlying normative objectives of the field.
