Estimating rate constants from available in vitro kinetic data (Km, Kcat and Ki) involves a rapid equilibrium approximation that assumes that reactants, free enzymes and enzyme-bound intermediates reach equilibrium quickly relative to the rate of catalysis.
Subtractive gene cloning in pea, and microarray analysis in Arabidopsis, show that bud activation involves a rapid, strong and coordinate upregulation of cell-cycle and protein synthesis-related genes, including many ribosomal protein (r-protein) genes, which precedes the onset of growth [ 25, 26].
The challenge in a spoofing case is that traders frequently cancel orders, and most high-frequency trading involves a rapid flow of orders that are rarely filled.
The first step involves a rapid metal uptake within the first 30 min of contact.
Under physiological conditions, the myocardial response to stretch is biphasic and involves a large and rapid (within a beat) increase in inotropy, i.e., the Frank Starling response, which is followed by a slower and a less pronounced increase in the force of contraction, i.e., the Anrep effect.
This action is characterized by a rapid onset and involves a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein, nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase, and PKG (protein kinase G) (Alonso-Magdalena et al., 2005).
The multiclass method proposed is rapid, simple, and involves a low solvent consumption, in line with QuEChERS features and modern analytical requirements.
IL-6 secretion is triggered through LPS TLR4 signalling and may involve a rapid cyclic AMP-regulated pathway in addition to the conventional NF-κB mediated signalling events (Song et al, 2007).
Immunity and tumourigenesis also involve a rapid rate of cell division.
By contrast, these larger saccadic intrusions that shift gaze to a new location and do not involve a rapid return to the target mean that the individual may completely lose track of the target they are trying to monitor.
