While prevention and intervention are expected to be needed throughout life for much of the population, effective strategies during childhood may best minimise psychosocial and physical morbidity.
This age-sensitive and tailored intervention is expected to affect quality of care and quality of life outcomes for patients over time.
Therefore, prevention of renal ischemia reperfusion injury with a clinically safe and effective intervention is expected to have a significant impact on health care and survival (CHERTOW et al., 2005).
Ayatollah Khamenei has the final word over all state matters, and his intervention is expected to ease the mounting political confrontation.
By reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, the intervention is expected to positively influence (vision-related) quality of life and adaptation to vision loss.
Suppose that the expected unvaccinated fractions in two subgroups are 20%and80%0% without the intervention, and that the intervention is expected to halve the unvaccinated fraction in the first subgroup.
Given these parameter estimates, and assuming the study intervention is expected to increase mean HAZ by 0.2 SDs, we estimate power for a range of study designs with 20 children per cluster and between 20 and 200 clusters per arm.
A programme theory that may be presented in the form of a logic model is a reconstruction of the assumptions and steps through which the intervention is expected to reach the expected outcomes.
Although the exact nature of these processes has not been clearly defined, the fundamental need is to identify more clearly the rationale underlying the intervention, and the process by which the intervention is expected to lead to relevant outcomes, based on published conceptual and empirical work and new primary studies if required [ 16].
Although the concept social value is by nature ambiguous, and confusion may be hard to avoid, we have proposed to employ the concept 'anticipated social value' in research ethics to refer to the nature and magnitude of the improvement an intervention is expected to have on the wellbeing of patients.
