and in turn

USAGE SUMMARY

"and in turn" is correct and usable in written English.
You use it to describe an event that happens as a consequence of a previous event. For example, "The town suffered a huge flood, and in turn, the farmers were unable to harvest their crops."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

And, in turn, about me".

The Guardian - Lifestyle

A lifelong student and in turn, a mentor to many.

The New York Times

And in turn it feeds you more experience.

The New Yorker

They arrived late and, in turn, delayed me".

The New Yorker

And, in turn, Pink Flamingos caused further rage.

The Guardian - Film

LGBT activism followed, and in turn local politics.

The Guardian

"And, in turn, to put their own people in place.

The New Yorker

That is bad news for firms, and, in turn, workers.

The Economist

Abraham Lincoln and, in turn, the continuation of the war.

Encyclopedia Britannica

"And in turn, they appreciate Whitehead Institute".

Science Magazine

And in turn, unnecessary expense.

TechCrunch

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "and in turn" to clearly show a cause-and-effect relationship between two events or actions, enhancing the logical flow of your writing.

Common error

Avoid using "and in turn" repeatedly within a short span of text. This can make your writing sound repetitive and less sophisticated. Vary your phrasing by using synonyms like "consequently", "as a result", or "therefore" to maintain reader engagement.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "and in turn" functions as a conjunctive adverbial phrase, indicating a cause-and-effect relationship between two clauses. It connects ideas, showing that the second event or situation is a direct result of the first, as demonstrated in Ludwig's examples.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

34%

News & Media

41%

Encyclopedias

1%

Less common in

Formal & Business

0%

Reference

0%

Social Media

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "and in turn" is a versatile conjunctive phrase used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between clauses. Ludwig AI confirms its grammatical correctness and common usage across various contexts, particularly in science and news media. While effective in linking ideas logically, avoid overuse to maintain writing sophistication, as mentioned in the writing guidance. Alternatives such as "as a result" or "consequently" can offer variety. As a final thought, understanding its function and purpose will enhance your ability to create clear and coherent writing.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

which in turn

Slightly more verbose, but emphasizes the chain reaction of consequences.

as a result

Similar to "consequently", this phrase clearly indicates that something is happening because of a preceding action or event.

consequently

This alternative provides a direct and concise way to indicate a result or effect.

in consequence

A more formal variant of "as a consequence", emphasizing the resulting effect.

therefore

This word is a formal way of saying "as a result" or "consequently", often used in logical arguments or formal writing.

thus

Similar to "therefore" and "hence", indicating a consequence or result in a formal tone.

hence

A more formal and less common synonym for "therefore", implying a logical deduction.

subsequently

Highlights the temporal sequence of events, with the second event following the first.

by extension

Indicates that the result is a broader or further development of the initial action.

ergo

A highly formal, and somewhat archaic, term for "therefore", best used in philosophical or legal contexts.

FAQs

How can I use "and in turn" in a sentence?

Use "and in turn" to connect two clauses where the second clause is a direct consequence of the first. For example, "The company invested heavily in research, and in turn, developed innovative products".

What can I say instead of "and in turn"?

You can use alternatives like "as a result", "consequently", or "therefore" depending on the context.

Is it redundant to use "and in turn"?

While not inherently redundant, overuse of "and in turn" can make your writing sound repetitive. Use it judiciously and consider alternative phrases to maintain variety.

What's the difference between "and in turn" and "which in turn"?

"And in turn" connects two independent clauses, while "which in turn" introduces a relative clause that further describes or explains the preceding clause. "Which in turn" adds additional information, whereas "and in turn" indicates a direct consequence.