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We have studied the effects of changes in minimum early retirement age and in the strictness of employment protection on the hazards from career jobs to gradual and permanent retirement by estimating a discrete competing hazard model with two hazards.
Using a sample of men who were holding a full-time career job at age 50, we estimate a multinomial logit model of competing risks, with hazards into gradual and permanent retirement, to study the effects on these hazards of changes in minimum retirement age and in the strictness of employment protection legislation.
Second, we investigate whether the probability of transiting from a career to a bridge job in Europe has been affected by the changes in minimum retirement age and in the strictness of employment protection legislation that have occurred in several European countries during the 1990s and the 2000s.
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In the IZA-fRDB database, this is classified as to whether any policy intervention generates a change in the legislation below/above one tenth of the standard deviation of the cross-country deviation in the strictness of the relevant indicator.
They were similar to the Puritans in the strictness that they applied to everyday life, though their religious teachings were far more egalitarian.
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Many suffered stunning upsets in the elections, thanks both to the new voting system and to the strictness of the Election Commission.
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