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Examining the biological and evolutionary causes of language is a respectable endeavour, so why not apply the same approach to religion?
While the proximal and evolutionary causes of aging are well researched, the factors that contribute to sex differences in these traits have been less studied.
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The history of R. conicus shows the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of host-specificity and host shifts prior to making artificial introductions.
In aging research one can distinguish proximate (mechanistic) causes of aging (Rattan 2006; Rattan 2008; Holliday and Rattan 2010), and ultimate (evolutionary) causes of aging.
Much attention has thus been paid to understanding the physiological, ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of body size variation.
The former included the mechanistic and developmental studies of how organisms express behaviour, while the latter focussed on the fitness-based and evolutionary causes and consequences of the behaviours.
Although the present study and this previous research supports the idea that ageing is asynchronous across physiological systems and phenotypes, understanding both the generality and the evolutionary causes of asynchrony in senescence remains an important challenge within both evolutionary ecology and bio-gerontology.
The ecology of seed dispersal is a field that develops very rapidly as essential elements of the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences are being examined.
A large body of theory and experiment explores the evolutionary causes of this diversity; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood.
These differences point to the importance of pathogens and tree biomechanics as evolutionary causes of size-dependent changes in wood chemistry.
Several other mechanistic and evolutionary hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolutionary causes of positive selection inferred for bam and bgcn.
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