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It is now well accepted that migraine headache is mediated by the increased sensitivity and ensuing activation of trigeminovascular nociceptive afferents that innervate the dura mater and their related blood vessels.
The investigators indicated that Spry4 interacts through its CRD domain with PIP2 to inhibit PIP2 hydrolysis and ensuing activation of PKC in response to VEGF-A.
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Sodium-coupled uptake of glutamate by astrocytes and the ensuing activation of the Na+/K+-ATPase may trigger glucose uptake and glycolytic processing (Fox et al., 1988, Magistretti, 2006), the latter process providing energy in the form of ATP to fuel glutamate uptake (Schousboe et al., 2011).
The original model of G protein cycling, and its ensuing activation of adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A production by Hao et al. described the binding of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and CREB activation.
In turn, ischaemic WM injury in older mice is predominately mediated by glutamate release through reverse glutamate transport (probably from astrocytes) and the ensuing activation of AMPA/kainate-type GluRs (Baltan et al., 2008).
Although LRRC8D disruption did not decrease swelling-activated Cl− currents (ICl,vol) (Fig 3A and B; Voss et al, 2014), it reduced both isotonic and swelling-activated cisplatin uptake and blunted the ensuing activation of caspases.
Excessive intravascular neutrophil recruitment and ensuing activation is a key pathogenic feature of numerous vascular diseases, including ischaemia reperfusion injury; for example, post-myocardial infarction [ 6] and atherosclerosis [ 7].
AIF knockdown causes oxidation-mediated inactivation of the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN, with ensuing activation of Akt kinase, phosphorylation of the Akt substrate GSK-3β, and activation of β-catenin signaling in cancer cells.
It is widely believed that most of the PDT-mediated cell death is initiated in the mitochondria, ensuing activation of the mitochondrial pathway involving apoptotic mediators and caspases, the major determinants of apoptosis.
In current-clamp recordings the duration of IPSPs is determined partially by the kinetic properties of GABAARs, but also by the ensuing activation of voltage-dependent conductances (e.g. IH and IT), which may act to truncate the IPSP time course (Thomson et al., 2000).
The ensuing activation of MCRs causes an increase in melanin pigment concentrations and alters the distribution of melanin within the cells.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com