Experiences from smart grid cyber-security incidents in the past decade have raised questions on the applicability and effectiveness of security measures and protection mechanisms applied to the grid.
Additionally, perceptions of the fairness and effectiveness of coercive measures and methods of informal coercion are assessed [ 27, 28].
Second, surveillance is also used to monitor the progress and effectiveness of intervention measures (mid-term evaluation) and, ultimately, to verify their success (final evaluation).
An existing surveillance infrastructure also provides the platform needed to describe the clinical course of emerging pathogens, risk factors for severe outcomes, and effectiveness of control measures.
We performed active surveillance of hospital outbreaks of gastroenteritis to determine incidence, microbiologic cause, economic cost, and effectiveness of control measures in the county of Avon, England, an area likely to be broadly representative of England as a whole.
We discuss several cases illustrating conditions under which circulating messages occur and the effectiveness of measures to squelch these messages.
Attendees agreed that the focus should be on standardizing donor screening, compiling disease transmissibility data, monitoring of transplant recipients' health, and assessing effectiveness of measures to minimize disease transmission.
Little correspondence was found between the use, perceived importance, and effectiveness of the various measures.
When adoption occurs across a vast landscape, the locations and effectiveness of the adopted measures are often not adequately known.
Implementability and effectiveness of proposed LULUCF measures is also still difficult to assess mostly for a lack of detailed technical information.
