However, most cancers have complex biochemical causes and may involve dysfunction of several PTKs as well as crosstalk between downstream signaling pathways.
29, 30 The interaction between NO and O2−occurred at an extremely rapid rate, three times faster than the reaction rate between O2−and SOD. 31 Therefore, this hyperglycemiainduced O2−may quench NO and directly contribute to the dysfunction of several consequently endothelium-dependent processes.
If the endocrine and paracrine functions of the muscle are not stimulated through contractions, this will cause dysfunction of several organs and tissues of the body as well as an increased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases [ 54, 92, 93].
As mentioned above, MNDs are characterized by the degeneration of upper and/or lower motor neurons and this is due to a dysfunction of several different cellular processes.
Recent studies on the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in humans and in various model organisms demonstrate that simultaneous dysfunction of several systems safeguarding cell homeostasis is required for the development of a full-scale pathology.
It remains likely that the clinical features of PDE result from the dysfunction of several pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes.
CF is caused by mutation of the CFTR chloride channel, leading to dysfunction of several internal organs, including the pancreas.
We previously reported the loss or dysfunction of several ribosomal protein genes in the complete rice mitochondrial genome [ 10].
Indeed, dysfunction of several components of the spindle assembly checkpoint including Mad1, Mad2, BubR1, and Aurora A are correlated with chromosomal instability in malignant tumors [ 13- 15].
Dysfunction of several members of this family have been implicated in both diabetes and aging (Koren & Fantus, 2007; Wei et al, 2011).
