More detailed and precise reconstruction of DPR network evolution requires more accurate protein phylogenies, complete information of protein functions and domain architectures in multiple species, and a more comprehensive and complex model to characterize the aforementioned mechanisms of network changes.
Since parkin and CHIP target a specific set of unfolded proteins for degradation, further studies would be needed to determine whether this is also the case for the laforin-malin complex and to characterize its physiological substrate(s).
I note that selective environments are extremely complex and difficult to characterize; they may change, for example, seasonally, and/or through the course of an individual's pre-mating life, such that different pressures may "evaluate" individual fitness at different times.
The immune contribution to cancer progression is complex and difficult to characterize.
But what is clear is how complex, consequential and difficult to characterize the new generation of large-scale philanthropy has become.
Nowadays, the high-throughput next generation sequencing technologies have alleviated studies such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics to characterize complex rumen microbial ecosystem and apply the information for improving forage digestion efficiency.
It will be useful to evaluate parasitoid combined suppression, and to characterize complex interspecific competition between these two species of parasitoids.
Serum is a complex, highly variable, and difficult to characterize reagent [ 5].
Further experiments are required to confirm this mechanism and to characterize these complexes, as well as their formation and deformation mechanisms.
Again, we investigated whether spatially complex gestures were used to characterize relationally complex concepts.
