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It remains to be seen whether catalysts can be employed with heavy oil and bitumen in a way that would enable acceptable catalyst cycle times and catalyst life time for practical industrial application.
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The organizations argue that a variety of potential problems await the proposed $7 billion pipeline, which would deliver a heavy form of crude oil extracted from a thick mixture of sand, clay and bitumen in Alberta, Canada, to refineries on the Texas Gulf Coast.
The volume of heavy oil and bitumen in Alberta, Canada is estimated to be about 1.7 trillion barrels.
The rheogram and shear rate behavior of post processed bitumen in a sonochemical reactor system was studied over a wide range of shear rates.
"It just seems rather insane to consider putting this amount of bitumen in a community of people".
Lower mass of asphaltene observed in post processed bitumen in a sonochemical reactor as compared to unsonicated samples can be attributed to the dissolution and disintegration of asphaltene in bitumen during sonication treatment.
In one three-hour episode at 50°C, six percent of the hydrocarbons (kerogen & bitumen) in a Mississippian marine shale decomposed to gas (C1 C5).
Laboratory methods to simulate the short- and long-term ageing occuring during the service life of pure and polymer modified bitumens in a pavement are standardized but none of them takes into account the influence of UV radiations.
Most studies have investigated standard bitumen surfaces when cooling bitumen in an air atmosphere.
Having a reliable estimate of gaseous-solvents molecular diffusion coefficients in heavy oil and bitumen is a requisite for analysis and design of gas injection and solvent-based recovery techniques.
This paper describes how geochemical data (Rock Eval analysis, SARA composition) combined with wireline log interpretation allows for the recognition of the distribution and continuity of bitumens in a main reservoir of an offshore giant field in Abu Dhabi.
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