Indeed, global replacement of the leucine residues in GFP with 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine resulted in unfolded protein, and proper folding could only be restored after evolution of a mutant GFP that was able to accommodate the fluorinated residues [25].
Following the recipe that was successful for manganese, we reacted a 4 2 6 stoichiometric mixture of BuNa/Mg(CH2SiMe3)2/Htmp (equating to Na4Mg2 tmp 6(CH2SiMe3)2 after evolution of 4 BuH and 2 Me4Si) with one molar equivalent of toluene (Scheme 1).
All s-form sites provide a snapshot of the last phase of erosion after evolution of the local landscape through multiple generations of s-form formation.
For both the power-law and lognormal initial clusters mass functions, we can find the best-fit models which can match the present-day observations with their main features of the mass function almost unchanged after evolution of several Gyr.
After evolution of CO2(g) stops, the Zr solution was added to the antibody solution, and the resultant mixture was incubated at room temperature for 1 h.
In this case, after evolution of the binding pocket, docking motifs appear to have arisen ex nihilo in disordered regions of proteins that were already Cbk1 substrates, and were subsequently preserved over evolution.
This in turn will help elucidate human-teosinte interactions both before and after the evolution of maize.
If it is possible to differentiate between the rondel phytoliths produced by the various teosinte taxa, reconstructing the histories of human teosinte interactions both before and after the evolution of maize will be enhanced.
To test whether adaptation to LB altered the average fitness effects of additional resistance elements (StrR mutations or the plasmid) we conducted paired t-tests, taking the average fitness effect (Δ w) of each resistance element on each genetic background before and after evolution, measured in the same block of competition assays.
It presents the modeling and analysis studies, and conclusions reached after evolution studies of an internet protocol/ multiprotocol label switching (IP/MPLS) based architecture performed by AT&T's internal routing/addressing/traffic-engineering strategy (RATS) team.
