This indicates a common origin of S. bayanus and S. uvarum yeasts and a subsequent differentiated evolution process in the brewing and in the enological environment, respectively.
Even at low levels, introgression of novel genetic material could be an important factor as a source of new genetic and phenotypic variability, and subsequent evolution.
Other important aspects were not assessed, such as adverse events, quality of life, the risk of virological failure after a switch and subsequent evolution of CD4+ count.
The evolution of insemination that bypasses the genital system and the subsequent evolution of an extragenital system in the female is an example of the coevolution mediated by sexual conflict [ 6- 11].
Our analysis would suggest that the most recent addition to the SIBLING gene family, DSPP, arose from an ancestral DMP1 gene duplication and subsequent evolution into a new gene that retained some of the DMP1 motifs (for example, BMP1 cleavage and RGD) while gaining some novel domains (i.e. a long and repetitive phosphorylation domain).
Thus, contingency was a quantitative value and subsequent evolution was influenced to some degree by unique, chance historical events [ 28, 32, 33].
The natural history was of an initial presentation with congenital lactic acidosis and subsequent evolution into a Leigh syndrome (Mendelian Inheritance in Man [MIM] 256000) neurological phenotype with bulbar dysfunction, dystonia, ataxia, spasticity, and intermittent encephalopathy.
It is well established that gene duplication and the subsequent evolution of duplicates is an important source of functional novelty [for review see [ 1]].
The similarity in the nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide genes, and pseudogenes, of both the α and β gene families indicates that they are all homologous that is, that they have arisen through various duplications and subsequent evolution from a gene ancestral to all.
Finally, this study documents the generation and very rapid subsequent evolution of a clastic coastal morphology solely driven by the action of waves and currents, and without interference from relative sea level and/or external sediment replenishment, with possible implications to other settings.
