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Retroelements are ancient components of the genome, and are potential participants in some RNA-related regulatory mechanisms in the cell.
They are well conserved in eukaryotic organisms and are thought to be vital and evolutionarily ancient components of the genetic regulation [ 12].
The occurrence in multiple distant phyla supports the notion that both GTAG and CGTC repeats are ancient components of the bacterial genome.
Other signaling pathways, such as the metazoan Notch pathway, have instead been assembled from various, more ancient components by domain shuffling (Gazave et al. 2009).
Comparative genomics contributes to our understanding of hierarchy in biological systems, by sorting ancient components from more recent additions, a basis for making predictions about ancestral interactions and functions.
Considering the complexity of living systems, we are unlikely to predict the exact evolutionary trajectory traversed by a network containing an ancient component, but resurrecting ancient components of a protein network inherently implies practical trade-offs that must be considered during the design phase of any investigation.
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But if Dr. Traill is right, that clicks can be lost but not reinvented, that implies that clicks may be a very ancient component of language.
The dorsal rim area hence represents an ancient component of the insect retina, having been described in species ranging from dragonflies to Diptera (see Labhart and Meyer 1999).
These data support the hypothesis that the dimerization of CLOCK and CYCLE dates back to at least the cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor and is likely an ancient component of the animal circadian clock.
The data suggest that the Micropia retroelement is an ancient component of Drosophila genomes [ 29].
Thus, TSET is clearly an ancient component of the eukaryotic membrane-trafficking system, distinct from the known heterotetramers.
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