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A clear orthologue of this gene segment is present in human (TRBV30) and mouse (TRBV31) making this an ancient arrangement.
This is consistent with similar Wnt clusters in other metazoans, including Nematostella, and therefore reflects an ancient arrangement of Wnt genes in animals [ 17, 60].
We propose that the linkage of HI genes to the mating-type loci represents an ancient arrangement that guards against the survival of diploid maters.
This interpretation seems less likely given that there is a long distance between tRNA Leu (UUR ) (L 2 ) and tRNA Leu (CUN ) (L 1 ) in the ancient arrangement, as well as the presence of inversion in tRNA Leu (CUN ) (L 1 ) [ 52].
The material used in this study displays the so-called 'Johansen' arm arrangement of chromosomes (1·2 3·4 5·6 7·10 9·8 11·12 13·14) and is considered to be the most ancient arrangement of the entire population of the subgenus Oenothera.
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On the large scale, contemporary students of Hindu society recall an ancient fourfold arrangement of socioeconomic categories called the varnas, which is traced back to an oral tradition preserved in the Rigveda (dating perhaps from between 1500 and 1200 bce).
As we used homozygous species with this ancient chromosomal arrangement they likely harbor unaltered 'original' chromosomes never involved in interchanges (Cleland, 1972), we suggest that restriction of HR occurred before evolution of reciprocal translocation and independent of hybridization events.
The two diploid lines share the same ancient chromosome arrangement (1·2 3·4 5·6 7·10 9·8 11·12 13·14) and carry plastome type III, which ensures regular segregation of bivalent-forming chromosomes and fully fertile plastome-genome constitutions in the progeny, respectively (Rauwolf et al., 2008).
Not only does this imply a very low probability of retaining an ancient chromosomal arrangement (and thus the ancient MAT-HI linkage) in the absence of sex-driven selective pressure, but the necessity of tolerating frequent aneuploidy within the population might drive selection against the accumulation of HI genes on any one chromosome.
Under Britain's ancient constitutional arrangements, it does not always matter which party has the greater number of MPs or has won the greater number of votes.
By the seventeen-sixties, colonists opposed to taxes levied by Parliament in the wake of the Seven Years' War began citing Magna Carta as the authority for their argument, mainly because it was more ancient than any arrangement between a particular colony and a particular king or a particular legislature.
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