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By conducting free expansion tests and field pull-out tests on a hydraulic expansion bolt, this study has analyzed the influencing factors and laws of radial expansion and anchoring force changes in the rod body.
Mechanism of hysteresis is governed by three dominated factors, primary factor is relaxation ability of BPLC, secondary is steric hindrance of polymer network and tertiary is anchoring force between BPLC and polymer network.
Preload: initial tightening torque 400 N·m, anchoring force 190 kN or more.
To fully exert the function of rock bolts, enough anchoring force is necessary, moreover, spreading the bolt resistance force into the rocks is also important.
According to the working mechanism of the hydraulic expansion bolt, its anchoring force is expressed in four forms including support anchoring force, tension anchoring force, expansion anchoring force and tangent anchoring force, and their values can be obtained on the basis of each calculation formula.
Among them, the expansion anchoring force, which is the unique anchoring force of the hydraulic expansion bolt, can provide confining pressure to increase the strength of rock.
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We find that NDLC with step-wise modulation of anchoring forces gives rise to much larger gradients and absolute values of the effective index than NDLC with modulated external electric field as well as pure nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with inhomogeneous anchoring.
We study the effect of spatial inhomogeneity of anchoring forces on real part of effective refractive index in nanosphere dispersed liquid crystal (NDLC) metamaterial at infrared frequencies using the approach of Khoo et al. [1] and Monte Carlo modeling proposed recently in Ref. [2].
The 7.8 kg anchoring system is capable of providing omni-directional anchoring forces, at least 225 N normal and 157 N tangent to the surface of the rock.
Perhaps, but comforting stuff for those who know and love Bird for his role in The Inbetweeners, where both his dweebish looks and the elaborate discussion of private parts were very much anchoring forces.
A corresponding mechanical model of the rock surrounding the cable truss system is described in this paper and formulas for calculating pre-tightening forces of the truss cable, and the minimum anchoring forces, were deduced.
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