The expression of CD56, a marker involved in anchoring plasma cells to stromal structures, was found in 56% of cases (31 of 55).
The vaccine contained the HA protein of the A/Indonesia/5/05 H5N1 anchored in plasma membrane from N. benthamiana cells (Figure 1).
EphA receptors are anchored on plasma membranes through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage and bound by their ligand ephrinA (A1 A5), whereas EphB receptors are bound by ephrinB (B1 B3) and tethered to the membrane by a transmembrane domain (Gale et al, 1996).
Also, study of the CFTR interactome has led to elucidation of the molecular defect of S13F- CFTR [ 41] as relating to defective interaction with filamins, which anchor plasma membrane CFTR to the actin cytoskeleton [ 41].
Thus, it will be important to characterize the closest archaeal homologs of these nuclear envelope scaffolding proteins to determine whether they play a role in anchoring the plasma membrane to the S-layer, as we predict.
Therefore, we displayed the peptide ligand on the plasma membrane rather than cell wall, by using an anchoring domain of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI -anchored plasma membrane protein, Yps1p.
Altogether, our results show that Dystrophin can exist in three populations in muscle cells in vivo: one freely diffusing in the cytoplasm, a second stably anchored at the plasma membrane that shows no lateral diffusion, and a third, dynamically bound to the plasma membrane.
These gycoconjugates are anchored to the plasma membrane with the help of glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchors.
Most of these proteins are anchored in the plasma membrane by means of 18-22 sequential hydrophobic amino acid residues.
In addition, different early endocytic proteins were able to initiate vesicle budding when anchored to a plasma membrane domain where endocytosis does not normally take place.
