Sentence examples for ancestral instances from inspiring English sources

Such 'horizontal' movements of alleles complicate the assessment of species relationships: indeed, analyses that allowed for different gene trees across loci (reflecting ancestral instances of hybridization and genetic introgression) provided only weak support for the sister relationship between D. rerio and D. aesculapii.

Whereas a PWM computes the probability of given region in a single genome being an instance of a motif, a PMM computes the probability of an ungapped region in a multiple alignment being comprised of instances of the motif that evolved independently from an ancestral instance.

To generate more biologically plausible ancestral graphs, instances were kept only if the ancestral graph X had an in-degree that fit an exponential distribution with parameter between 1.0 and 1.2 or an out-degree that was scale-free with parameter between 1.8 and 2.2.

For instance, ancestral polymorphisms may be retained due to the necessity of maintaining a vital biological function or due to the presence of strong disruptive selection pressures.

This huge distance could be the result of a major chromosome event in an ancestral genome, for instance, involving massive insertion as the predominant event.

For instance, ancestral lineages in factories C, D, and E were evolved from an ancestor present in factory F. Likewise, the factory F ancestral lineage gave rise to lineages present in factories G and I (fig. 3).

In most cases, this reflects retention of an ancestral association; however, some instances of repeated evolution of physical linkage between pairs or groups of genes have been described.

Maximum likelihood reconstructions of ancestral states imply 19 instances of digit loss with no reversals to an increased number of digits.

Gene order is variable but in several instances an ancestral arrangement is shared by the majority of species in enormous groups such as the Superphylum Ecdysozoa (arthropods, velvet worms and priapulids) and for the chordates including most vertebrates [ 4- 7].

Moreover, in all instances, the ancestral states implying implausible digit configurations are not significantly more likely than alternative states implying configurations observed among extant species of Lerista (see Figure 1; this is not the case for ancestral states inferred under the maximum likelihood rate of digit gain).

For instance, an ancestral arrangement of genes on the mating chromosome that happened to include an over-representation of HI genes has been preserved over evolutionary time due to a failure of that chromosome to become rearranged through translocation events with the other chromosomes in the genome.